How to Start and Run a Vending Machine Business
Vending machines allow us to get what we need when we need it without having to interact with people and at any time of day.
They also can be money makers for the machine’s owner.
The industry is continuing to recover from the pandemic and owning and operating vending machines is big business, often providing passive income without any specialized skills. It’s also called automatic merchandising.
Basically, all you need to get started is some startup money to buy a machine, a good location, and the right products. This post will lead you through the process.
The Vending Machine Business Continues to Recover After the Pandemic
Like many other things, the pandemic hurt the vending business. That makes sense since so many people transitioned to working from home and many vending machines are in workplaces.
The industry recovered some in 2020 and even more in 2021, regaining most of the 2020 losses, but still lagging behind the high it had in 2019.
Revenue for the vending machine industry was $19.40 billion in 2021, up from $13.3 billion in 2020. For reference, 2019 revenue was $24.2 billion.
“Recovery has been better than expected in our industry, more so for the family fun centers than the street side of vending,” said Scott Ausmus, director of manufacturing for National Entertainment Network, Inc. and immediate past president of the National Bulk Vendors Association. “It seems like people are wanting to get out more these days than before COVID.”
That data came from the 2022 Automatic Merchandiser’s Annual State of the Industry Survey .
The industry had predicted a more robust recovery, but the fact many people are continuing to work from home and several other factors stunted the recovery.
“As far as recovery, I don’t think we have hit the bottom of our economy yet. It is so hard to hire good employees, inflation is still going up, and logistics costs are very high,” Ausmus said. “I can’t predict when this will stop or even slow down.”
There were 1,971,600 vending machines operating in 2021, up from the 1,740,604 in 2020 in a variety of locations including:
Manufacturing areas
- Manufacturing areas
- Offices
- Retail spaces
- Hotels/motels
- Schools
- Hospitals and nursing homes
- Universities/colleges
- Correctional facilities
- Military bases
- Restaurants, bars and clubs
Cold beverages were the top-selling product category. A majority of vending machines involve food and beverage products including sodas, coffee, snacks and candy. The annual report said cold beverage sales generated 25% of sales.
At places like airports, vending machines often sell tech accessories and travel essentials like neck pillows, blankets, and eye masks. Laundry rooms in residential buildings often have machines with detergent and fabric softener.
During the pandemic, many more machines began accepting cashless payments. In 2021, only 7% of vending machine owners who participated in the survey said they were cash only. In 2020, that number was 11%. The year before it was 16%.
Starting a Vending Machine Business
Even with the pandemic, many factors make owning a vending machine an attractive business venture.
The startup costs are relatively low, sometimes around $2,000. The work is flexible and doesn’t require much day-to-day involvement. The risk is comparatively low and there is growth potential.
Ausmus grew up in the vending business. The machines he sells and operates are the novelty kind, offering things like stuffed animals, toys, and gumballs. Many are in restaurants and entertainment venues like bowling centers.
While the startup costs are low and the income is often passive, owning vending machines is not without risk. You must understand your own financial situation and know how much you can afford to invest.
“Be sure you have a solid foundation with the locations you are doing business with,” Ausmus advised. “It is a big investment and if the location fails and closes, it is tough to find a new home for the assets today.”
There is the cost of the machine, the cost of inventory, personnel to keep it stocked, maintenance and more.
The more perishable the product and the busier the area, the more of your time the machine will take.
“If (your machine location has) a big break room and a lot of employees, you would have to be there once a day to fill your machines up because that’s how busy they are,” Ausmus said. Other machines like toys and candy don’t require as much restocking.
Getty Images
Finding a Vending Machine Niche
One of the first steps in starting a vending machine business is finding your niche and deciding what to sell. That takes a bit of research and knowing who your customer is.
“If you buy the wrong product, it won’t move and you won’t make any money and you certainly don’t want to throw (product) away,” Ausmus said.
He said supply chain issues are still causing problems getting the right product and keeping it in stock.
“The supply chain from abroad has gotten better, much better than domestically. Employee issues everywhere have made getting supplies and parts in a timely manner an issue.”
To account for the supply chain issues, Ausmus said owners need to plan more and expect longer delivery times for items.
Vending machine businesses are scalable, meaning it’s possible to start small and expand. You don’t have to wait for payments because customers pay when they purchase an item.
Location, Location, Location
To put yourself in the best position to be profitable means finding the right location.
Either a machine needs to be in places where there is a lot of foot traffic or where people might not be able to get away to grab something they need or want.
Pre-pandemic, high quality places meant schools and universities, malls, and office parks. Sales at those locations plummeted during the pandemic, but the annual industry report said they showed recovery last year and expect more to come.
Think about where people need to wait. While waiting, they may get hungry or thirsty. Ausmus’ novelty machines need kids around.
“One of the hardest things to do is to locate a location,” Ausmus said.
Location can be about trial and error. There’s not much harm in moving a poorly performing vending machine to another location.
But in today’s world with costs rising and shortages still happening, Ausmus said finding that right location is even more difficult than it was.
When looking for locations, be prepared to approach the owner or landlord with a business plan for the machine.
Also be prepared to:
- Pay a percentage of sales or other fees for having your machine in their location.
- Pay for the electricity the machine uses.
- Ensure the security of the machine. There is money inside a machine as well as inventory. Theft and vandalism are always possible.
- Research state and local laws and regulations.
- Pay sales tax on the revenue the machine generates.
Key Purchase: Your Vending Machine
Then you will need an actual vending machine. There are several types, and prices vary depending on what is in the machine, whether the products need refrigeration or heating, and the interactivity.
Buying directly from a manufacturer or supplier is one option, as is purchasing on a secondary market. Some companies also rent machines. Ausmus cautioned to make sure there are spare parts and support available for what you buy.
Machines range from about $1,500 for a used or refurbished machine to several thousands for a new, high-end machine with many technical features.
Some machines have:
- Remote monitoring software: This helps keep track of how the machine is working and notifies the operator if something is wrong.
- Low stock alerts: Notify the operator when items need replacing.
- Vending management systems (VMS): Tracks sales and other data to help owners make better business decisions.
During the pandemic and continuing after, the annual report showed the use of VMS increased as operators used downtime to upgrade the technology they used both in their machines and for data collection.
Running a Vending Machine Business
While owning vending machines does not require any specialized skills, it is a business.
You will need inventory and someone to keep the machine stocked and maintained. This may require a van or truck.
Perishables need to be stocked more often than other items. Learning some basic maintenance skills could keep you from having to hire someone if there is a problem with the machine.
Different types of machines have different capabilities. Some take only cash while others will process credit or debit cards. Some models have touch screens or voice capabilities.
“Make sure that you have your phone number on the machine, and that the store location knows your phone number,” said Ausmus. “If somebody didn’t get what they wanted, make sure the store can give them a refund and you pay the refund back to that store. Then get out there as soon as you can to fix the machine so that you can continue to make money.”
Automatic merchandising isn’t for everyone, but owning and operating a vending machine can be a good business. Being able to retrieve the money you make and restock your machines easily is the key.
“Then you only work probably three days a month, basically on the whole gig,” said Ausmus. “Three to four days a month can make somebody a good little extra income.”
Tiffani Sherman is a Florida-based freelance reporter with more than 25 years of experience writing about finance, health, travel and other topics.
